Irenaeus

Irenaeus of Lyons (circa 130-202 AD) is 1 of the most important theologians of the 2nd century. He’s often called the “Father of Catholic Theology.” He served as a crucial bridge between the era of the Apostles & the developed institutional Church of the later Roman Empire.

He was born in Smyrna (modern-day Turkey). He was a student of Polycarp, who was himself a disciple of John the Apostle. This connection to an actual eyewitness of Jesus gave Irenaeus a unique statue. In an era where secret teachings were being whispered in various sects, Irenaeus could claim a direct, public, & verifiable line of “transmission” back to the source.

Around 177 AD, he traveled to Lugdunum (Lyons, in modern-day France) to serve as a priest. Eventually, he became the bishop after his predecessor, Pothinus, was martyred.

Irenaeus’ legacy is defined by his battle against Gnosticism. Gnosticism is a diverse movement that threatened to dismantle early Christianity. Generally, Gnostics believed:

• The material world was evil, created by a lesser, bumbling deity (Demiurge).
• Salvation came through secret, esoteric knowledge (gnosis).
• Jesus didn’t have a physical body (Docetism), as matter was inherently corrupt.

Irenaeus saw this as a total rejection of the Hebrew scriptures & the reality of the Incarnation. To counter this, he wrote his 5-volume masterpiece, “Against Heresies” (Adversus Haereses). Irenaeus’ theology’s centerpiece is the concept of Recapitulation. He argued that Jesus “summed up” all of humanity in Himself.

Just as the 1st Adam failed at the Tree of Knowledge, Jesus (the “new Adam”) succeeded on the tree of the Cross. Irenaeus taught that Jesus went through every stage of mortal human life (infancy, youth, & adulthood) to “sanctify” & “undo” the corruption introduced at each stage of the Fall.

Before Irenaeus’ time, there wasn’t the New Testament as we know it today. Different groups/sects used different, & various, gospels. This is where we get the infamous banned books of the Bible. Irenaeus was the 1st major figure to argue for the Four-Fold Gospel.

He insisted that there could be no more, & no fewer, than 4 Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John), using a poetic justification: just as there are 4 zones of the world (or 4 corners) & 4 principal winds, the Church had to have 4 “pillars” of the Gospel. By doing this, he helped stabilize the core of the Christian Bible.

To fight the Gnostic claim of secret traditions, Irenaeus proposed 2 tests of “Truth”:

• The Rule of Faith:
  • A summary of essential beliefs (a forerunner of the Apostles’ Creed) that all true churches held in common.
• Apostolic Succession:
  • Irenaeus argued that if Jesus had secret knowledge, he would’ve given it to the bishops he appointed.

Irenaeus’ most profound contribution to theology is the concept of Recapitulation (anakephalaiosis). Using the math of his day, he sought to “sum up” the entire human experience through Christ.

To counter his Gnostic opponents, Irenaeus significantly develops Paul’s presentation of Christ as the Last Adam. Irenaeus’ presentation of Christ as the New Adam is based on Paul’s Christ-Adam parallel in Romans 5:12-21.

But also dervies significantly from the Johannine presentation of Adam-Christ typology. Irenaeus uses this parallel to demonstrate that Christ truly took human flesh. Irenaeus considered it important to emphasize this point because he understands the failure to recognize Christ’s full humanity links the various strains of Gnosticism together, as seen in his statement that “according to the opinion of no one of the heretics was the Word of God made flesh.”

Irenaeus believes that unless the Word became flesh, humans weren’t fully redeemed. He explains that by becoming man, Christ restored humanity to bring in the image & likeness of God, which they’d lost in the Fall of Man.

Just as Adam was the original head of humanity through whom all sinned, Christ is the new head of humanity who fulfills Adam’s role in the Economy of Salvation. The Economy of Salvation (a.k.a. Divine Economy) is that part of divine revelation in the Roman Catholic tradition that deals with God’s creation & management of the world, particularly his plan of salvation accomplished through the Church. Irenaeus calls this process of restoring humanity: Recapitulation.

Irenaeus emphasizes the importance of Christ’s reversal of Adam’s actions. Through His obedience, Christ undoes Adam’s disobedience. Irenaeus presents the Passion as the climax of Christ’s obedience, emphasizing how this obedience on the tree of the Cross undoes the disobedience that occurred through a tree.

Irenaeus’ interpretation of Paul’s discussion of Christ as the New Adam is significant because it helped develop the recapitulation theory of atonement.

Irenaeus took part in the Quartodeciman Controversy. When Victor I of Rome tried to force a universal practice of fasting until Easter to supersede the Jewish practice & prevent Christians from partaking of the Passover, Polycrates who led the Churches of Anatolia continued to hold old traditions of the paschal feast. For this reason Victor I wanted to excommunicate Polycrates & his supporters. But this was a step too far for Irenaeus & other bishops.

Tradition holds that he was martyred around 202 AD during the persecution of Emperor Septimius Severus. Thought historical records of his death are sparse compared to his writings.

In 2022, Pope Francis officially declared him a “Doctor of Unity” (Doctor Unitatis), acknowledging his role in bridging the Eastern & Western theological traditions.

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24. Ève de la vie et son arbre candy.

#drawing #kinktober #treeofknowledge

How well do your printed atlases pass the #AtlasTest ?

https://mastodonapp.uk/@JdeBP/113360681761298678

Of mine, only the Times Concise Atlas of the World, 8th edition, is in the same class as the old Marshall Cavendish Tree Of Knowledge.

#Seychelles #cartography #MarshallCavendish #TreeOfKnowledge #atlases

@keefeglise @silentfp

Issue 94, for the curious.

#cartography #AtlasTest #Seychelles #TreeOfKnowledge #MarshallCavendish

Tree of Knowledge. The moment in the Garden of Eden, when Eve ate the forbidden fruit, and had an awakening of the senses and knowledge. Collage using paper and watercolor.

Link to the Collage:
https://ernesto-beckford.pixels.com/featured/tree-of-knowledge-ernesto-beckford.html

#MastoArtists #Collage #TreeOfKnowledge #Symbolism

#potd #photography #TreeOfKnowledge
An ancient tree in the grounds of Powderham Castle, near Exeter in SW England

“Both individuals take back the seed of gnosis within their bodies; one through the revelation of the tomb, the other through the ingestion of what could well be termed the symbolic fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.”

https://library.hrmtc.com/2022/12/29/both-individuals-take-back-the-seed-of-gnosis-within-their-bodies-one-through-the-revelation-of-the-tomb-the-other-through-the-ingestion-of-what-could-well-be-termed-the-symbolic-fruit-of-the-tree/

@godlessmom

1. I was the first round leader in a golf tournament in HS, beat Phil Mickelson. Please don't ask about the other 3 rounds.
2. I can chat all day at work but I'm an introvert. Give me a walk in the woods or fishing on a stream any time, ANY.
3. I've worked at the same company my entire 27 years in the workforce.
4. I have degrees in Economics but have been in IT for 25 years.
5. I know it's pronounced creek but I still call it a crick.

#TreeOfKnowledge #ChristmasAdam

@godlessmom 5 things about me that you might not have known:

1: I love film but have never seen ET, Grease or Dirty Dancing. I have seen Grease 2, though
2: I’m nearly 2m tall & that’s enough
3: The musician I have seen perform the most live is Billy Bragg
4: I once dived in the Maldives with c.250 sharks, all bigger than me. Spoiler alert: they didn’t eat me!
5: I once won a karaoke competition in Ho Chi Minh City with (Theme from) Shaft. You’re damn right!

#TreeOfKnowledge #ChristmasAdam

@godlessmom

Okily dokily

#1 I have lost 188 lbs & maintained said loss for the past 12 years
#2 I grew up in the Trailer Park that Trailer Park Boys was filmed on
#3 When I was pregnant I craved mayonaise sandwiches
#4 I had 5 wisdom teeth before they were removed
#5 I enjoy a severe coffee addiction
#TreeOfKnowledge
#ChristmasAdam

@godlessmom 1. I started a web-based software business in 1996, hoping to quit my day job. I still have my day job, but I put three kids through college and bought a cheap car and lots of cool stuff with what I earned.
2. I has a Top Secret /SCI clearance for several years but never learned any secrets worth selling.
3. I own too many musical instruments to even count, including a rare #Leedy #vibraphone and a rare 1917 #Steinway Model I upright.
4. I have a #camera collection. My favorite is a #Rolleiflex 3.5f. I find it beautiful.
5. I own a 6 ft wooden indian that my dad carved in 1976. He's named Chief Rain or Shine, though I don't know why.
#TreeOfKnowledge #ChristmasAdam.

@godlessmom Ok, here we go. 5 things you didn't know about me #treeofknowledge

1. Met my wife when I was 23 and she was 18. First child was born before she turned 20. We went to the same college.
2. Married at 25. Second child was born 3 days after our first marriage anniversary.

(1/3)

Now it’s your turn! Tell me five things about you I probably didn’t know. #TreeOfKnowledge #ChristmasAdam

It’s #ChristmasAdam, so it’s time for the tree of knowledge. Here are five facts about me you probably didn’t know:

1. I once spent an evening w Cybill Shepherd & Thomas Ian Nicholas & ended up at his house, very drunk.
2. I lived in Perth when I was 15, where I learned to surf in PE.
3. My son was born in the Mayan Riviera.
4. My niece was born in Mallorca.
5. I watched Misery for the first time under a palm thatched roof pizzeria near the jungle on Koh Samui in a downpour. #TreeOfKnowledge

The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #5 Temptation, assault and curse

After the choice Adam and Eve made to go against the Will of God, eating of the fruit of the Tree of knowledge of good and evil, God came to deal with three parties in the fall of mankind: Adam, Eve and the serpent. An alleged fourth – the devil – is not mentioned in Genesis narrative. This for the simple reason the symbolic tempter (satan), the serpent, or the evil thoughts in Eve’s mind are the evil itself.

The most common presentation of Adam and Eve does not reflect clearly enough their theological significance, at least as seen in the New Testament. Too many people forget where the trouble started and do not come to see the essence of our suffering today being the cause of man its own choice. Eve decided herself, by her own choice to go against the wishes of God. She herself wanted to be like God. The apostle Paul, being a Jewish scholar knew very well the problem of evil and suffering. For him it was also clear what choice Adam and Eve had made and why.

For Paul the wrath on mankind was caused by the anger of God (Romans 5:9) It does not have to mean we are enemies of God, but Eve her action showed God how man doubted His position. For the opposing attitude of Eve God reckoned against the sinner. In the story of Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis, we hear God giving a first commandment: not eating of the fruit of the tree of conscience (the Tree of knowledge of good and evil). He is aware that they could see death reigning in the world form Adam’s time to the time of Moses (Knox).

Romans 5: 14 1But death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over 2them also that sinned not after the like 3manner of the transgression of Adam, 4which was the figure of him that was to come.

In his letter to the Romans we get to hear that Adam foreshadows another person who had to come. The first Adam or the first man, corresponds in some degree to the man who was to come, and whose birth 2020 years ago we remember this year. That man being born was a gift to mankind, from God, which more powerfully affected mankind.

Romans 5: 15 1But yet the gift is not so as is the offense: for if through the offense of 2that one, many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.

Adam and Eve committed an offence on which God had to react. He could directly destroy them and start all over  again by creating some new living beings in his likeness which would keep to His commandment. Moreover, the boon of God exceeds the fruit of Adam and Eve’s sin. On that contrast between the gift and the results of that one sin, we shall come back in later chapters.

By their act, going against God’s Will, and by wanting to be like God, their Maker gave them the opportunity to show how much they themselves could make of it all. God’s right to govern was doubted, so know they could come to govern themselves and could come to make something of the world. Because all the children of Adam and Eve came after their choice of adversary they all fell under the spell or curse God came to bring over them. Adam and Eve after eating of the Tree of knowledge came to know the difference between good and evil and became weaker than before, because they now had knowledge. We can not escape the relationship from the first human beings. For just because of their relation to Adam and Eve all men fall under the spell of God and have to bear the consequences of that rebellion of the first carnal man. Being the descendants of Adam and Eve we all became members of a sinful race and we all shall have to face death.

1 Corinthians 15: 21 1For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.
22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be 1made alive.

In the letter to the Corinthians we are also told there is a solution. In those Greek Writings we find another confirmation of the same consequent: for Christ is to be considered as opposite to Adam, that as from one man Adam, sin came over all, so from one man Christ, life comes unto all: that is to say, that all the faithful, as they die, because by nature they were born of Adam, so because in Christ they are made the children of God by grace, they are quickened and restored to life by him. {annotation of the 1599 Geneva Patriot’s Edition}

The way the apostle Paul looks at the 1° and the 2° Adam places the Adam-story within a royal context, because the essence of the matter were Adam and Eve impeaching the Divine Creator. Them to query God His Most High position, is the biggest issue. This way a battle over kingship and its relation to the universe was initiated. The position of the one sent from God as a solution is too often missed by the majority of people, even by those who call themselves Christian.

In the Garden of Eden sin entered in the world of man. In a royal garden or orchard Jeshua (Jesus Christ) accepted the fact he must follow not his will but the Will of the Most High God, and should go to the stake. (Matthew 26:36-46)

In the Holy Scriptures a garden is used to express joy, peace and satisfaction.

Jeremiah 31: 12 Therefore they shall come, and rejoice in the height of Zion, and shall run to the bountifulness
of the Lord, even for the 1wheat and for the wine, and for the oil, and for the increase of sheep and bullocks: and their soul shall be as a watered garden, and they shall have no more sorrow.

Adam and Eve had no sorrow in the Garden of Eden. They had everything they needed. But God did wanted to teach them a lesson and did not want them in His Garden any more. Since Adam listened to his wife and ate from the tree whose fruit Jehovah God commanded him not to eat, the ground is cursed because of him.  So his deed became the cause of the earth coming in problems by man. It is often by the wrong actions of men that something bad happens in the world, for example mudslides because men took away all the trees.
All our life now we will have to struggle to scratch a living from it. God told man that it will grow thorns and thistles for us, though man will eat of its grains. This time not for nothing any more, like it was in the Royal Garden. From then onwards man had to make his own garden and work with his own hands for it. By the sweat of our brow, will we have food to eat until we die, i.e. return to the ground from which man were made. Because we shall have to be reminded that we were made from dust, and to dust we will return.
But woman certainly could not escape. For him and her there was first no pain, but knowing now good and bad they also came to know pain and sorrow. The pain of woman’s pregnancy was going to be sharpened, and in pain she will give birth. She still was going to be able to give children, but concerning having control over things it would be more difficult. God warned her that though she still will desire to control her husband, it will be him who is going to rule over her.

Genesis 3: 16  Unto the woman he said, I will greatly increase thy 1sorrows, and thy conceptions. In sorrow shalt thou bring forth children, and thy desire shall be subject to thine husband, and he shall rule over thee.
17  Also to Adam he said, Because thou hast obeyed the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, (whereof I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it) cursed is the earth for thy sake: in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.
18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.
19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return to the earth: for out of it wast thou taken, because thou art dust, and to dust shalt thou return.
20 (And the man called his wife’s name Eve, because she was the mother of all living)
21 Unto Adam also and to his wife did the Lord God 1make coats of skins, and clothed them.
22  And the Lord God said, 1Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil. And now lest he put forth his hand, and 2take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever,

23 Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the earth, whence he was taken.
24 Thus he cast out the man, and at the East side of the garden of Eden he set the Cherubims, and the blade of a sword shaken, to keep the way of the tree of life.

Adam, Eve, but also we should see that the transgression of God’s commandment was the cause that both mankind and all other creatures were subject to the curse God spoke in that Kingdom of God, the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve, fell from the estate of integrity in which God had created them and now had to build their own kingdom (a kingdom of man) in their own world.

Temptation was the occasion; it was not the cause. To be subjected to temptation is not sinful for the tempted. Embrace and acquiescence constitute sin, i.e. going in against the Will of God.
Eve succumbed to the ideas in her head. Her heart wanted to have so much as God. She herself made the choice to take the fruit and to eat it. She came to the point of overt disobedience to the divine prohibition. Adam trusted his partner and with her in the adventure, hoping also to get the knowledge of good and evil and wanting to become wise (Genesis 3:6 ASV)

The tempter had gained the trust of the first human beings. Eve had accepted as true what was a blasphemous assault upon the veracity of Good and came to regard the tree as desirable in the direction that contravened the divine prohibition. Eve served herself as carnal creature  rather than the Divine Creator.

The mannin her failure to recoil with revulsion from the temptation and the idea that she would not die (Genesis 3:4) is evidence that defection had already taken place and that she exemplified the invariable psychology of sin that overt action proceeds from the inward disposition of heart.

Proverbs 23: 7 For as though he thought it in his heart: so will he say unto thee, Eat and drink: but his heart is not
with thee.

Man loves to give the fault of their wrong doing to others or say it is not from them. But In the Messianic Scriptures the sent one from God clearly warns man that there is nothing outside man. Summoning the multitude rabbi Jeshua (Jesus Christ) addressed the crowd close to him and told them that we should worry about what comes out of man. It is that what is inside and comes outside that pollutes or defiles man. It is from inside, out of man’s heart that come evil thoughts and actions, like self-seeking, pride, jealousy or envying, slander, malice, double-dealing, lying, deceiving, misleading, betraying, sexual vice, adultery, fornication, theft or stealing, wickedness, murder, all things that make a person unclean.

Mark 7: 21 For from within, even out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, uncleanness, a wicked eye, backbiting, pride, foolishness.
23 All these evil things come from within, and defile a man.

We may not be mistaken, it is all from within ourselves.  The satan or adversary comes from our inner thoughts which we allow to go wrong and where we give in. We can choose not to follow certain ideas, but when we chose to follow the wrong path then we sin. There may be manyfold temptation but it is how we react on them.Whenever you find yourself surrounded by various temptations do know that it all depends on your choice and on your faith which shall demand action (works of faith), leading to steadfastness, developing endurance. But to withstand such temptation man shall need now the courage to choose the right path and let patience finish its work that you may become fully developed and perfectly equipped, lacking in nothing or in no respect deficient. So when you are drawn away, enticed and baited by your own evil desire, like Eve was, let yourself not be beguiled and allured by your own evil desire and enticed by a bait. Remember that when passion or desire conceives and gives birth to sin, than when the bad act or sin runs its course and get fully matured it shall give birth to death. We may not be mislead and make no mistake about this.

James 1: 14 But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own concupiscence, and is enticed.
15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth 1sin, and sin when it is finished, bringeth forth death.
16 1Err not my dear brethren.

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* Bible quotes from 1599 Geneva Patriot’s Edition

Preceding articles

The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #1 Beginning of everything

The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #2 Beginning of mankind

The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #3 With his partner

The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #4 The Fall

The Seed Of The Woman Bruised

Jesus begotten Son of God #10 Coming down spirit or flesh seed of Eve

Sayings of Jesus, what to believe and being or not of the devil

Not about personal salvation but about a bigger Plan

A book of life and a man born more than two thousand years ago

When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith

Next: The 1st Adam in the Hebrew Scriptures #6 Curse and solution

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Additional reading

1. Looking for a primary cause and a goal that can not offer philosophers existing beliefs
2. A multifold of elements in creation and a bad choice made
3. First mention of a solution against death 1 To divine, serpent, opposition, satan and adversary
4. First mention of a solution against death 2 Harm or no harm and naked truth
5. First mention of a solution against death 3 Tempter Satan and man’s problems
6. First mention of a solution against death 4 A seed for mankind
7. First mention of a solution against death 5 Evil its law of death
8. Necessity of a revelation of creation 1 Works of God and works of man
9. A promise given in the Garden of Eden
10. Set free from any form of mental torment or self-condemnation
11. No curtain placed over tomorrow
12. Around pre-existence of Christ
13. Satan the evil within
14. Additional comments to the 3rd Letter to the Romans
15. Luther’s misunderstanding
16. Solution for Willing hearts filled with gifts
17. Redemption #2 Biblical solution
18. When having found faith through the study of the Bible we do need to do works of faith

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Further reading of interest

1. Images of God 1: Big and Close
2. Genesis 3
3. Day 7: Adam and Eve’s Relationship
4. Creation and The Fall – A Dramatic Reading
5. Did He Really Say That?
6. What Happened in the Garden… Doesn’t Stay in the Garden
7. There’s a Serpent in Your Bible.
8. When Everything Went to Smash
9. What Satan Offered Adam And Eve…
10. Me-Centered More
11. Adam and Eve and Us: Part Two
12. Eve as a symbol for the Church
13. Where is your Garden of Eden?
14. Puzzling over Genesis and the Fall
15. Wednesday-(Created & Fallen) Devotion
16. The Existence Of The Snake
17. Friday-(Created & Fallen) Devotion
18. Recap: What Every Christian Should Know About Genesis 1-4
19. Gospel Theology (Pt. 3) – Original Sin
20. Adversary. Accuser. (Zechariah 3:1)
21. Occasions of sin
22. Watching Ourselves
23. The Life of a 21st Century Prophet: Introspection 
24. Scripture for Thursday, October 13 (10/13)
25. Temptation, Treadmills & Grace
26. Temptations
27. I Have a Confession To Make…
28. Hell
29. Believing Is Not Seeing
30. 1 Corinthians 9-16: I Struggle With These Chapters
31. Why Did God Flood The Earth If He Later Allowed The Same Thing To Happen Again?
32. A Deceitful Trick that Leads to Less
33. JES31 – He Comes Loking For Us
34. living in a messy world
35. The Apple of Discord — Thomas Hart Benton

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• Faith or Fear
• Questioning God
• Tim Kaine’s butchering of Genesis to justify the LGBT agenda is . . . quite something
• 10/3/16 OT
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