Describe It: Lightning
When writing, you can use weather to help or hinder characters or set a mood (sometime to a cliche level re: thunder and lightning = scary). Weāre going to get into how you can use lightning in a more dynamic way than ālightning flashed overheadā, and help you establish other areas it might be useful in using other than just creepy factor.
In a separate D-Script, weāll talk about thunder. This was just getting longer than I wanted, so I separated the two for everyoneās sanity.
TIP: Itās LIGHTNING not LIGHT*E*NING. Lightening is itās own word, which technically means to become less dark. Like your hair lightening in the sunlight.
Get Around This D-Script
- Briefly, What is Thunder and Lightning?
- Types of Lightning With Descriptions
- Thunderbolts and Lightning, Very, Very Frightening
- Affects of Being Struck by Lightning
- Misconceptions About Thunder and Lightning
Related D-Scripts
This area will fill in the more subjects weāre able to get to.
Briefly, What is Thunder and Lightning?
Lightning is a massive electrical discharge in the atmosphere. This is created when differences in charge build up between clouds or between a cloud and the ground/object. That imbalance eventually breaks down the insulating air, causing a sudden, high-energy spark that releases light, heat, and sound.
NOTE: Thunder is a sound. Lightning is visual. Some people have difficulties remembering which is which. If so, just remember that ālightā is something you see.
Thunder is the sound produced by that lightning. When lightning super heats the air, usually to over 25,000°C (five times hotter than the surface of the sun!!!), the air expands explosively. That shockwave of rapidly expanding and contracting air creates the rolling, cracking, or booming noise we hear.
Then what is a thunderbolt? This is lightning that happens at the same time as itās associated thunder. This typically happens when the lightning was directly overhead and it tends to be fairly loud!
Additional Reading
Types of Lightning with Descriptions
In the descriptions of different type of lightning, Iāll provide example sentences. At the end of this section, Iāll provide a long list of descriptors with example use.
Cloud-to-Ground (or something tall) Lightning
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/lightning/safety/index.htmlNote: Cloud-to-ground strikes can hit trees, buildings, open ground, or anything tall and conductive. Additionally, they donāt always strike where logic says they should.
Example of ground-to-cloud lightning
Source: https://cosmosatyourdoorstep.com/2018/04/25/how-lightning-strikes/ Cloud-to-ground lightning is what people generally think of when thinking of lightning. As the name implies, itās an electrical discharge that forms between a storm cloud and the ground (or object).
A negatively charged region near a stormās base seeks ābalanceā. The ground below which is rich with a positive charge, becomes a target. Once the electric field grows strong enough to overwhelm the airās resistance, a stepped leader is formed and begins seeking the best conductive pathway. We talk about stepped leaders below.
When that leader connects with an upward streamer from the ground, the connection snaps together. A powerful return stroke surges upward along the ionized channel, super heating the air and producing the brilliant flash we all know and love (Iām kidding, so many people and animals DO NOT love lightning. We also talk about this later).
Related phenomenon: Ground-to-Cloud Lightning
Ground to cloud lightning is, weirdly, a thing!
āAn upward-moving leader initiates a discharge between cloud and ground from an object on the ground. Ground-to-Cloud lightning strikes ā sometimes called upward-moving lightning ā are common on tall towers and skyscrapers. GC lightning can also be either positive or negative in polarity. Lightning that demonstrates upward branching indicates a ground-to-cloud flash, though some upward-moving lightning is branchless below the cloud base.ā
Source: https://www.rmets.org/metmatters/types-lightning
Video of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning
https://youtu.be/OTYuU4vPBHM?si=muZ4a06FTdGV5Xjw&t=12
Example Sentences
- Lightning tore out of the cloud and struck the ground in a blinding white stroke, giving an instant, ear-splitting crack.
- A jagged bolt split the sky and slammed into the earth beyond the trees.
- The lightning descended in a ragged arch, striking the nearby bell tower.
- White fire crackled from the storm and hit the ground, the afterimage burning into her vision.
- The sky cracked open and a bolt speared the ground, brilliant and merciless, as though the storm had chosen a target for its wrath.
Intra-Cloud (Intracloud) Lightning/Sheet Lightning
Source: my own photos (Shonna White)Source: https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/lightning-cloud-discharges.html This is the most common form of lightning. Intra-cloud lightning never touches the ground. Instead, it leaps between regions of opposite charge in a single storm cloud, usually between the negatively charged lower regions and the positively charged upper layers.
These flashes usually appear as diffused, pulsing light that illuminates the cloud from within. Intra-cloud lightning is sometimes silent (or appears that way), may only flash occasionally, or might happen several at a time or in rapid succession.
With sheet lightning, you tend not to see the bolt, but see the cloud light up from within. These may or may not come with thunder.
Related phenomenon: Cloud-to-Cloud Lightning
Cloud-to-cloud lightning happens when lightning jumps between separate storm clouds or into neighbouring clouds. It can appear more horizontal or arcing than intra-cloud lightning.
Video of Intra-Cloud/Cloud-to-Cloud Lightning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPPk7OLI_rs
Example Sentences
- Lightning leapt from cloud to cloud along the horizon, branching strokes of brilliant white illuminating the darkness.
- A cold flash ripped sideways across the sky, arcing between distant clouds like veins of primal magic.
- The storm flickered with horizontal bolts, crawling across the darkness in long threads as though searching for something.
- Lightning rippled high above, leaping between towering clouds.
- A jagged arc snapped between two clouds, illuminating the sky with intense blue-white light.
Cloud-to-Air Lightning
Source: https://www.emich.edu/geography-geology/weather/cloud-to-air-lightning.php Cloud-to-air lightning is a discharge that exits a storm cloud and extends into the air without reaching the ground or another cloud. It tends to appear as a branching bolt that just ends abruptly. These happen when a charged area within the cloud finds a conductive path into the atmosphere but not toward the Earthās surface.
Related phenomenon: Bolt from the Blue
A bolt from the blue is a dangerous type of cloud-to-air lightning. It starts in the upper areas of a storm cloud and travels horizontally for kilometres before turning down and striking the ground far from the storm itselfāsometimes under clear skies!
Example Sentences
- Lightning spilled from the cloud and reached into empty sky, its branches dissipating vanishing without a strike.
- A jagged bolt lunged out of the storm and died midair.
- The lightning flared bright, branching wildly before dissolving into the open night.
- A white fork burst from the cloud only to end abruptly, leaving the air glowing where the strike had failed momentarily.
More Types of Lightning
Source: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1051149/FULLTEXT01.pdf UPWARD STREAMER / LEADER (weāve referenced this a few times now)
Not technically a type of lightning, per se, but interesting none the less. Inside a storm cloud, electrical charge separates. Negatively charged regions build up, usually near the cloud base. The imbalance between that charge and the positively charged ground beneath gets extreme to the point that the insulating air starts to break down. Yikes!
The cloud sends out a jagged, invisible stepped leaderāa branching path of ionized air, creeping downward in fits and bursts toward the ground. As it nears, objects on the ground such as trees, buildings, and even people may launch tiny upward streamers that are fingers of positive charge reaching skyward.
The moment one streamer connects with a descending leader, the circuit closes and the blinding return stroke races back up that path, which is what we actually see as lightning.
Rare Types and One Misnomer
These forms of lightning happen above storm systems or under unusual conditions. Theyāre rarely seen from the ground without specialised equipment. In fact, for centuries they existed only in pilot reports and folklore before being confirmed scientifically. Still, they may be inspiring to writers.
Note, this is not an exhaustive list.
Whatās a misnomer? Itās āa wrong or inaccurate use of a name or term.ā
Sprites
Sprites are large, reddish flashes that appear high above thunderstorm clouds, and are often shaped like jellyfish or branching tendrils. They happen in the mesosphere (the third layer of Earthās atmosphere, located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere) and are typically triggered by powerful positive cloud-to-ground lightning strikes below. Sprites last only milliseconds but can span tens of kilometres vertically, briefly turning the upper atmosphere where they are an eerie red.
Click here for images from Google Search
Blue Jets
Blue jets erupt from the tops of storm clouds as narrow, cone-shaped beams of blue light, shooting upward toward the stratosphere. Unlike sprites, blue jets are thought to start in the stormās upper regions and donāt require a ground strike. Theyāre shorter-lived and less expansive than sprites.
Click here for images from Google Search
Ball Lightning
Hereās one only recently agreed upon that it even exists. Ball lightning is one of the most debated and poorly understood atmospheric phenomena, even if itās one of the coolest (in my opinion). Itās basically a spherical ball of light (go figure) that can be white, yellow, or orange. It may drift slowly through the air, hover near the ground, or move unpredictably. Reported duration range from a few seconds to over a minute.
There are some accounts that ball lightning can pass through windows or end silently, though some reports have them exploding too.
Read More: https://www.britannica.com/story/does-ball-lightning-exist
Heat Lightning (Misnomer)
Despite its name, heat lightning is not a type of lightning at all. The term refers to distant lightning flashes that are visible on the horizon while the accompanying thunder is too far away to be heard. Atmospheric conditions, terrain, and the natural dissipation of sound prevent the thunder from reaching someone in the distance. Itās a misnomer because heat lightning doesnāt actually require hot weather. Nor does it behave differently from ordinary lightning. Itās simply lightning viewed at a distance (usually from storms tens or even hundreds of kilometres away).
Writing Tip: Distant, rolling thunder can be a soothing sound for some people. When itās closer, it can beāforgive the punāenergizing to listen to. Other people might find it ominous. However, the other side to this is that sometimes lightning flashes nearby bright enough to appear to blank out windows with the glow. The crack of thunder that follows is usually instant and loud enough to be considered āear-splittingā. These bright, loud cracks can make even the most storm-loving person (like me) jump with how sudden and intense they are.
So, donāt forget that some people absolutely LOVE thunder and lightning. They find them enthralling! Other people might find them absolutely terrifying (which weāll get into soon). Some still might simply find it all a bit unsettling. Donāt forget to explore the gambit of reactions that can come from people in regards to extreme weather.
What Lightning Damage Looks Like
Here are some types of damage that lightning leaves behind for you to consider in your writing. And remember, if lightning strikes something flammable, that thing MIGHT just catch fire. In Canada (we have a lot of forests), 45% of forest fires are started by lightning but also these fires make up 81% of the total areas burned by forest fires*.
Another thing to consider before you get into what damage might look like is the era your story takes place in. For example, in medieval times, a lightning strike may cause massive damage. It might be that the struck item itself burns down, or that fire spreads to surrounding flammable buildings. NOW, this story Iām linking to is not associated with lightning, but Iām putting it here to show an example of what happened historically when fires broke out, and how bad it could get: https://newsroom.calgary.ca/the-great-fire-of-1886-and-the-birth-of-sandstone-buildings-in-calgary/
When it comes to fires spurred by lightning, lightning rods werenāt invented until 1749, and by about 1753 these rods provided a much safer way for electricity to be channeled to the ground, preventing fires. This means that prior to this, taller buildings such castles and church steeples were prime targets for lightning (though lightning will hit the best option not just the tallest). Things woud be much worse if that lightning struck around say gunpowder reserves.
Without modern firefighting, fires could spell the end for that building and everything in them, including potentially people.
Going the other direction in time, when writing in the future you might be dealing with no damage at all! Systems might be set up to gain charge from strikes, or perhaps shielding ignores strikes except for maybe a little shake here and there. But consider what happens if systems fail over overloads? Consider lightning being conducted along vulnerable surfaces (like metal), exploding electronics, or frying systems.
To be fair, Star Trek (image) is terrible for cinematographic explosions. Youād seriously think but this age theyād have figured this out.
Other Types of Lightning Damage to Inspire You
Some of these are written as just facts, others as examples of how to write them.
- Bark explodes off trees in all directions
- Trees crack open and burn from the inside out
- Sparks fly
- Bell tower splits open to the ground
- Leaves a dead, bare slash down the tree bark
- Building caught fire
- Roof shingles curled and rippled
- Falling tree branches break power lines
- The control box was charred, and the systems they control fried.
- The grass seemed unharmed but for the root-like streamers burned into the green
- Even though they thought they were safe inside, part of the ceiling exploded a second later and there was an instantaneous concussive boom.
- When sheād been fifteen, Amelia had been struck by lightning that had left reddish, fern-like scars all down her side.
- Stone exploded from the steeple, leaving a large hole in the masonry.
- Leaves a large, scorched hole in the side of an airplane
- Left a large black explosion of soot on the surface
- Dirt is blackened and erupted
- Trunk of the tree turned red with fire
- Surge protector explodes
- Ground is littered with branches and leaves that broke off the tree
- There was nothing left of the tree but a shattered stump
- Cement exploded outward
- The sand had melted into a hollow, branching tube of glass.
- A six-foot high mark singed the side of the building
- The metal was warped and black
- Siding is melted and split
- Overloads and destroys breaker boxes (which control electricity in houses. This would cause power to go out until the box was fixed)
- May kill crops around the struck earth
- Tree falls over and crushes a house
- Lightning punches a hole in the wall, and the structure catches fire
- High-voltage surges can melt internal components, scorch circuit boards, and permanently damage semiconductors
- Surge protectors are generally insufficient to stop the surge from a direct strike
SMELLS YOU MIGHT WANT TO CONSIDER
Here are a list of smells you could use that are associated with fire. Note, try to use ones that suit the time your novel takes place in. For example, if weāre talking medieval or even pseudo-medieval times, avoid using smells like ozone (a word made in 1840) or carbon (1787) as this can throw your reader out a bit. Consider *what* is burning.
- Ozone
- Burnt plastic
- The smell of char
- Metallic
- Acrid
- Fishy (like with electrical fires)
- Ammonia
- Chemical (especially modern)
- Wood smoke
- Creosote
- Sharp rubber scent
- Acidic
- Carbon
- Turpentine
- Resinous
- Hot soil
- Sweet wood smoke
- Synthetic
All About Smoke Inhalation: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/smoke-inhalation. Keep in mind, smoke inhalation in modern buildings is exceptionally dangerous due to the amount of chemicals in it from burning furniture and similar things.
Read more about lightning damage:
* Source: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/lightning/forest-fires.html
Describing Lightning
Below, youāll see the word with (hidden) next to some descriptors. This is indicating that the lightning is not visible because itās hidden within the cloud/doesnāt leave the cloud so the only thing people see is the cloud lighting up from within. See Sheet Lightning above.)
WordExample Use
Ablaze (hidden)The clouds were ablaze from within, rain-swollen and glowing.
Arced Lightning arced from the sky in a jagged sweep, cutting the darkness in two.
Backlit (hidden)The storm clouds were backlit by roiling flashes that were eerie and silent.
BlazeA sudden blaze of lightning struck the earth beyond the treeline, brilliant enough to turn the night white.
Bloomed (hidden)Light bloomed inside the cloud in flickering waves before fading back into shadow.
Blossomed (hidden)The sky blossomed with muted shuttering glows as lightning jumped around inside the dark clouds.
Bluish (hidden)A bluish glow pulsed behind the clouds, cold and ominous.
Bluish-whiteA bluish-white bolt ripped downward, stark and unforgiving against the stormy sky.
BraidedBraided strands of lightning twisted as they shot toward the ground.
BranchingBranching light forked toward the ground, limbs spreading wide and bright.
BreachedLightning breached the cloud and struck downward, violently lashing out with the stormās wrath.
BrilliantA brilliant flash of lightning slammed into the earth, leaving everyone for miles gaping.
BrokeLightning broke from the cloud and rushed straight to the ground with a merciless boom.
BurntA burnt afterimage lingered in her vision from the flash of lightning moments before.
BurstLight burst inside the cloud, illuminating the storm from within.
ClawingClawing fingers of light raked scraped the sky.
Cold glow (hidden)A cold glow seeped through the clouds as distant lightning stirred deep inside the storm.
Cold whiteA bolt of cold white tore from the cloud. It struck the ground, stark against the surrounding darkness.
Contained (hidden)The lightning stayed contained within the clouds, its glow swelling and dying without breaking free.
CrackedThe sky cracked open and lightning snapped brutally through the sky.
DartedA bolt darted from the storm, hitting the ground before she could protect her eyes.
Diffused (hidden)Pale, diffused light spread through the clouds as lightning flared deep inside.
Dimmed (hidden)The clouds were illuminated briefly, then dimmed as the lightning withdrew.
DischargedCrackling light discharged violently, leaving the air buzzing in its wake.
DistantDistant flashes flickered behind the clouds, too far away to be seen.
EruptedLightning erupted from the thick, dark clouds and slammed into the earth miles away.
ExplodedThe sky exploded with a bluish glow as a bolt struck the ground.
ExtendingLight extended through the cloud mass as bolts reached outward without breaking free.
Failing (hidden)The bolt failed inside the storm, dissolving before it could escape the clouds.
Far-reachingFar-reaching lightning stretched from the storm and struck well beyond where the rain fell.
Flared The clouds flared from within, briefly illuminated by trapped lightning.
(Any lightning, not just hidden, can āflareā as itās a sudden āflareā of light)FlashedA single violent stroke flashed followed by a terrible boom of thunder that rippled through the floor.
FlickeredLightning flickered behind the clouds, i n a restless pulse.
FlittedLight flitted through the layers of clouds, quick and hard to track.
ForkedForked lightning split toward the ground, its jagged limbs racing each other.
GlancedThe bolt glanced across the sky before striking the castle at the top of the hill.
GlareA sudden glare nearly blinded him, momentarily bleaching the world white.
Glowed (hidden)The storm glowed from within as lightning moved through its depths.
Hazy (hidden)Hazy, transient light filled the clouds.
HuntingLight surged downward in a ragged, hunting bolt.
IgnitedThe clouds ignited with trapped light, flaring deep within.
IlluminatedLightning back-lit the storm, revealing layers of cloud before fading.
JaggedA jagged streak of power tore from cloud to cloud, raw and wild.
LacedLightning laced through the sky in sharp lines in its wild wrath.
LatticeA lattice of pure energy spread outward.
Launched A bolt launched from the cloud base, and in the next moment, a tree exploded.
LeaptLightning leapt from cloud to ground in a single violent motion.
Luminous (hidden)The storm turned luminous as lightning flooded the cloudās interior with cold light.
Milky (hidden)A milky glow spread through the clouds, the lightning diffused and distant inside the storm.
Muted (hidden)Muted flashes stirred behind the cloud cover, never sharp enough to reveal a bolt.
NakedA naked bolt fell through open air, gleaming from sky to ground.
NetworkedNetworked channels of lightning spread across the sky before.
Pale (hidden)A pale light seeped through the clouds as lightning shifted inside them.
PitchedLightning pitched downward at an angle, driven hard by the storm.
ProbingProbing fingers of lightning reached toward the ground, searching for a path.
ProwlingProwling arcs of light crept outward before one finally struck the antenna.
PulsingThe clouds pulsed as lightning flared and faded within.
RadiantThe storm grew radiant from the inside, lightning washing the clouds in a cold gleam.
RaggedA ragged bolt tore downward, uneven and primal.
RupturedThe cloudās base seemed to rupture as lightning burst free and struck below.
SearchingSearching tendrils of lightning reached downward, testing the air before striking.
SeekingA seeking bolt lunged from within the cloud.
ShatteredLightning shattered the darkness as it struck, breaking the night into fragments of white.
SkeletalA skeletal bolt flashed into view, stark and stripped of anything but raw form.
SlashedLightning slashed through the rain in a violent attack.
SlicedA bolt sliced through the sky in time with the wizardās threat.
SmotheredThe lightning was smothered by thick cloud.
SnakingSnaking lightning wound its way toward the ground, twisting sharply as it fell.
SnappingLightning snapped from the cloud to strike the beach with such force the sand melted.
SpanningA bolt spanned the distance between sky and earth in a jagged series of blazing lines.
SparkedLightning sparked from the cloud base and struck with a simultaneously deafening boom.
SpectralSpectral light skulked within the clouds as lightning flickered unseen within them.
SplinteredThe bolt splintered, breaking into branching shards of light that painted the sky
SplitLightning split the sky and drove straight into the ground.
SpreadingLight spread through the cloud mass, the occasional bolt becoming visible for just a moment.
StarkA stark bolt of light dropped from the cloud, brutally clear against the dark sky.
StitchedLightning stitched the sky together in bright seams.
StreakedLightning streaked downward, fast and merciless as it struck the pylon over and and over.
StreamedLightning streamed downward from the black cloud, in what seemed to be a continuous flow of white fire.
StretchingA bolt reached from sky to earth, stretching in broken flow.
Strobing (hidden)Strobing light pulsed inside the clouds as lightning fired repeatedly but stayed trapped out of sight.
SurgedLightning surged from the storm, slamming into the ground with sudden force that set the grass on fire.
ThreadingLightning threaded its way downward, weaving a narrow path through the air.
Undulating (hidden)An undulating glow moved through the cloud layers as lightning shifted beneath the surface.
Veiled (hidden)The lightning was veiled by thick cloud, visible only as a soft violet glow.
VeinedVeined light traced through the clouds.
Violet-tinged (hidden)A violet-tinged glow flickered within the storm, cold and distant.
WanderingWandering light drifted through the cloud mass as lightning searched without breaking free.
Washed out (hidden)The lightning appeared washed out by dense cloud, its brilliance dulled to a ghostly haze.
WebbedWebbed lightning spread across the sky, multiple channels crossing before collapsing into a strike.
White hotA white-hot bolt tore from the cloud and struck the ground,.
Emotive Examples
- The lightning struck the building behind her like the storm had a vendetta. Minnie screamed and darted away the second the shock of nearly being struck by a white-hot bolt faded enough that her legs would move.
- Elsieās hands clenched tightly as the window beside her went glaringly white. In an instant, her shoulders were nearly up to her ears, breath ragged before the roll of thunder came.
- The clouds glowed from within, lightning breathing softly through them in random flashes. It reminded him of his own thoughts flickering through his mind, never seeming to find their way out.
- The smile that lit up Finnās angular face was as bright as the flash of light that had brought it on. The young man leapt from the couch and darted to the windows.
- When the storm caused the power to go out, the kids gathered in the same room with their blankets. At first, it was for comfort, but soon they were spinning scary stories to suit the weather.
- A single bolt split the sky and hit the ground beyond the houses. They had barely registered the brutal flash before the house shook with thunder, and half of the occupants screamed.
- Muted flashes bloomed behind the clouds, distant and uneasy. It was so though the spirits themselves wanted to remind her they were still watching. Still angry.
- The dog barked and whined when the lightning cracked overhead, running under the bed with its tail between its legs.
- The incoming storm was violent. Lightning stitched the horizon together in pale seams against eerie black clouds.
- The bolt came down jagged and feral, tearing through rain and darkness with a violence that left her hands shaking.
- Lightning surged from the cloud and shattered the dark, and for a breathless instant the world felt fragile enough to break.
- The whole family gathered by the windows, watching the beauty of the storm roll in.
Environmental Examples
- Lightning struck somewhere beyond the ridge. A moment later the smell of burning crept in on the wind, sharp and green, like sap set on fire.
- The bolt flashed and every window lit at once. Lightning flooded the rooms so brightly it felt as though the walls had turned transparent.
- Lightning hit close enough to knock the power out, plunging the street into sudden darkness broken only by car alarms screaming awake.
- A strike slammed into the tree line. By the time the thunder finished shaking the ground, one of the trees was split in half and crackling with flame.
- Lightning flashed and the power flickered, buzzing once before dying. The silence that followed was more deafening and seemed to breathe.
- Lightning struck somewhere overhead, and the rain changed instantlyāharder, louderālike the storm had been given permission to break.
- The flash came with no warning, lighting the interior of the shuttle as it tried to breech the storm and escape into space.
- A nearby strike sent a shock through the ground, rattling dishes in their cupboards and making the floor feel briefly untrustworthy beneath her feet.
Thunderbolts and Lightning, Very, Very Frightening
Several times in the above, weāve talked about the emotional affects of lightning. I wanted to touch base on that here. Lightning affects nervous systems for a lot of people. For example, people who are naturally fearful may find that storms trigger a deep, instinctive response that has very little to do with logic. In the case of lightning, itās unpredictable, overwhelms the senses, and reinforces a lack of control or safety. Even when someone knows theyāre physically safe, the body and mind may react as if danger is imminent, flooding with adrenaline, tightening muscles, and sharpening attention in ways that feel exhausting rather than useful.
Note: links in this section go to D-Scripts about writing that emotion
For children, this response is often amplified. Young brains are still learning how to interpret threat, and storms combine several things children find frightening: darkness, loud noise, sudden light, and the inability to stop whatās happening. I mean, my kids didnāt even like the rumble of the car wash! Because children rely heavily on adults to model safety, their fear is often shaped by how the people around them respond. A calm, steady presence can reduce fear over time, while visible anxiety can unintentionally reinforce it.
People with certain mental health conditionsāparticularly PTSD (this link goes to my personal account for understanding of what PTSD is like), anxiety disorders, or sensory processing sensitivitiesāmay experience storms very differently from the general population. Lightning can mimic sudden flashes associated with traumatic memories, and the lack of predictability can erode a personās sense of grounding. In these cases, the reaction is not simply fear but a full nervous system response: hypervigilance, dissociation, panic, or emotional flooding. Importantly, these responses are not choices. Theyāre automatic survival mechanisms that kick in before conscious thought has a chance to have a say.
Animals are often even more sensitive to storms than humans. Many species can hear lower frequencies than we can, meaning thunder may be noticed earlier, seem louder, and be longer-lasting for them. Changes in air pressure, static electricity, and the smell of rain can signal an approaching storm well before the first flash even appears. Pets may hide, pace, vocalize, or cling to familiar people, while wildlife may alter behaviour, seek shelter, or fall silent.
Affects of Being Struck by Lightning
This image isnāt really an affect of being struck by lightning, but what happens just before. This sad story is from 1975. You can click the image to be taken to the news article about it.
The following Daily Mail article has a whole gallery of images of what lightning strikes can look like on survivors. Unfortunately, it didnāt want to imbed so hereās your link!: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/lifestyle/article-6054687/Lightning-strike-survivors-incredible-markings.html
A person may be struck a number of ways:
- Direct Strike: The current passes through the body, potentially causing severe organ damage, burns, and nervous system trauma.
- Ground Current: The most common cause of injury/death; current travels through the ground and up a personās legs.
- Side Splash: Current jumps from a nearby object or flash to the person.
- Water Current: This is where lightning strikes water that someone is in contact with. Salt water is a better conductor, so the current often travels around the body (this does NOT make it safe), whereas in fresh water, the human body is more conductive than the surrounding water, making it a more direct path for the electrical current.
Being struck by lightning is not the same as being electrocuted by household or industrial electricity. Lightning delivers an enormous amount of energy in an extremely short burst (weāre talking milliseconds). That changes how it interacts with the human body. While lightning strikes are frequently fatal, survival is more common than many people assume, though survivors often experience lasting effects.
- Electrical current may travel over the body rather than through it, which is called a flashover. This might still cause clothing to blow apart or leave branching, fern-like surface burns (Lichtenberg figures). Lichtenberg figures tend to heal over hours or days rather than be permanent.
- Effects on internal systems can be severe! Lightning can disrupt the heartās electrical rhythm causing cardiac arrest or arrhythmias, and it can interfere with the brainās signaling leading to loss of consciousness, confusion, memory gaps, or seizures. Respiratory arrest (stopping breathing) may also happen if the muscles controlling breathing are temporarily paralysed. In some cases, a person may appear unresponsive even though the heart can restart on its own, which is why immediate medical attention is critical.
- Neurological effects (these are nerve issues) are among the most common long term consequences. These can include chronic pain, headaches, sensitivity to light or sound, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and problems with balance or coordination. Some report changes in personality or emotional regulation as well.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1022790/ - Other effects can be the shockwave rupturing eardrums, muscle soreness, cataracts, and hearing loss. Full affects might not be visible immediately as well, and might happen overtime. Thus, anyone hit by lightning (or really any electrical current) should be checked out by a doctor ASAP.
Secondary Injuries
- The explosive force of rapidly heated air may throw a person several metres, leading to blunt trauma, fractures, or spinal injuries. Muscle contractions triggered by the electrical surge can be violent enough to dislocate joints or cause internal damage. Burns may happen from the lightning but also from heated metal objects, jewelers, or electronics in contact with the body.
Social or Cultural Ramifications
- Lightning strikes tended not to be seen as a natural event but as a message, punishment, or selection by divine or supernatural forces. Thus people who were struck were often looked at with suspicion, awe, or fear.
- These reactions could also be from people perceiving a lightning strike survivor as someone who has been altered, marked, or touched by gods or spirits.
- In many cultures, lightning strike survivors were believed to have been judged by gods, spirits, or fate itself. Some were thought to be cursed, others blessed, and some both at once. Sudden personality changes, memory loss, or altered behaviour following a strike reinforced these beliefs. And side effects were often interpreted as possession, madness, or moral corruption.
- In some cultures, survivors were treated as chosen messengers or feared as dangerous conduits of unstable power.
- Lichtenberg figures (patterns on the skin) look very tree-like and could be seen as sacred patterns, or as markings left by the gods.
Misconceptions About Lightning
Lightning never strikes the same place twice. Lightning will happily strike the same spot if conditions favour it.
If itās not raining, youāre safe from lightning. Lightning can actually strike several kilometres away from a storm cell, even under clear skies!
Lightning always hits the tallest object. Height makes a strike more likely, but itās not a guarantee it will be struck over other objects. Lightning follows the path of least resistance through charged air, which isnāt always to the tallest thing nearby.
Lightning only happens during severe storms. Lightning can turn up in ordinary thunderstorms that donāt look particularly violent, and even weak-looking storms can produce dangerous strikes.
Rubber soles or rubber tires protect you from lightning. The small amount of rubber in shoes or tires offers no meaningful protection; safety comes from being inside a properly grounded structure or a closed vehicle.
If youāre indoors, youāre completely safe from lightning. While much safer than being outside, lightning can travel through wiring, plumbing, and structural metal, which is why avoiding showers and corded electronics during storms is recommended.
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SHONNA WHITE
Artist, Writer, Gamer, and GIANT GEEK
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