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Awww i finally found analog #voltmeter with scale longer than 90deg (270) in this case
http://p269107.webspaceconfig.de/drehspul-gleich-dc-messgeraet_cdv.html

But it is from Germany so I don't want to know the price tag...

Hackaday Prize 2023: AC Measurements Made Easy https://hackaday.com/2023/10/12/hackaday-prize-2023-ac-measurements-made-easy/ #2023HackadayPrize #TheHackadayPrize #microcontroller #measurement #multimeter #ToolHacks #voltmeter #digital #display #ESP32 #tools #oled #rms

starting to get to some of the more useful things in the box, were this 6 DC-DC Step down converters, 4.5v to 40v in and 5v/2a out with a voltmeter.

But I have no idea why I needed 6 of these, I already have a few, but it's kind of mixed as when I use them.

#Arduino #DCDC #voltmeter

Nanovolt Meter Requires Careful Design For Accuracy’s Sake

Measuring voltages is fairly straightforward most of the time. Simply grab any old cheap multimeter, hook up the probes, and read off the answer. If, however, you need to measure very tiny voltages, the problem gets more complex. [Jaromir-Sukuba] designed a nanovoltmeter specifically to deal with this difficult case.

The nanovoltmeter is exactly what it sounds like: a voltmeter that is sensitive and stable enough to measure and report voltages on the scale of nanovolts. Having a tool that can do this reliably can be very useful when it comes to measuring very small resistances or working with ever-so-slight differential voltages.

The design of such an instrument is quite involved in order to reduce sources of noise and instability. The analog-to-digital converters must be of high quality, and they must be powered with their own supply to avoid excess noise. There are low-noise amplifiers and all manner of specialised subsystems required to handle the task. There's even a 3D-printed cover to prevent airflow over a voltage reference in order to reduce noise from thermal variance.

Nonetheless, [Jaromir-Sukuba] does a great job of exploring what's required to build a nanovoltmeter, and explains it well for an audience new to the field of such precise measurements. The resulting instrument was also capable of measurements with less than 25 nanovolts of noise peak-to-peak. It's a great feat and those wishing to learn about how it's done have an excellent resource to learn how.

We've seen other tricky measurement devices before, too. Did you know you probably already have a usable nano-ammeter? Now you do!

[Thanks to David Gustafik for the tip!]

#toolhacks #nanovoltmeter #noise #voltmeter

Heathkit IM-13 VTVM Repair

If you are under a certain age, you might not know the initialism VTVM. It stands for vacuum tube voltmeter. At first glance, you might just think that was shorthand for "old voltmeter" but, in fact, a VTVM filled a vital role in the old days of measuring instruments. [The Radio Mechanic] takes us inside a Heathkit IM-13 that needed some loving, and for its day it was an impressive little instrument.

Today, our meters almost always have a FET front end and probably uses a MOSFET. That means the voltage measurement probes don't really connect to the meter at all. In a properly working MOSFET, the DC resistance between the gate and the rest of the circuit is practically infinite. It is more likely that a very large resistor (like 10 megaohms) is setting the input impedance because the gate by itself could pick up electrostatic voltage that might destroy the device. A high resistance like that is great when you make measurements because it is very unlikely to disturb the circuit you are trying to measure and it leads to more accurate measurements.

We take that for granted today, but a typical voltmeter in the old days was just a meter with some resistors in front of it. While a good meter would have relatively high resistance, it wasn't as high as a FET. However, with a tube amplifier, a VTVM could also show a very high resistance and still make good measurements. The Heathkit meter used a dual tube as an amplifier along with some input resistor dividers to provide an 11 megaohm input. There was also a rectifier tube switched in to make AC measurements. In the end, the amplifier drove a conventional analog meter, but that load was isolated from the device under test so its relatively low resistance wasn't important.

The repair seemed pretty simple, but it was fun to see the inside of one of these. Compare it to a digital meter today and it seems very strange, doesn't it? If you want to read more about how VTVMs were used, there's a copy of a 1951 Sylvania book about them online. Some people still prefer meters that move and, we admit, for certain tasks they beat even a digital bargraph.

#repairhacks #teardown #heathkit #vacuumtubevoltmeter #voltmeter #vtvm

Check out analog #voltmeter clock on #Hackadayio: https://hackaday.io/project/9087-voltmeter-clock CC: @artisansasylum https://twitter.com/hackaday/status/899979599752376320/photo/1 source: https://twitter.com/hackaday/status/899979599752376320