#CatchOfTheDay
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"Geschichte der Ommaijaden in Spanien: nebst einer Darstellung des Entstehens der spanischen christlichen Reiche" by Joseph Aschbach

[Frankfurt a.M.: Varrentrapp, 1829]

http://dx.doi.org/10.25673/99501

#spain #history #umayyad #conquest #caliph

Ottoman Caliphate a bit lacking in the moral authority department, it would seem

https://piefed.social/c/historymemes/p/1581404/ottoman-caliphate-a-bit-lacking-in-the-moral-authority-department-it-would-seem

The #AnarchyAtSamarra began on #ThisDayInHistory in 861 with the assassination of #caliph #alMutawakkil and elevation of #alMuntasir. This period of instability in the #AbbasidCaliphate lasted until 870, with four caliphs who were virtual puppets to different military factions.

Cute lil' pachyderm present from the Caliph!

⬆️ @Nochem

>> #OttomanEmpire was expansive, with #Arabs, #Jews, and #Christians as subjects. The #Caliph had influence as far as #BritishIndia.

Today, #India informed #Oman about records pertaining to #Turkish #OttomanEmpire in the #NationalArchives of India #NAI and handed over a list of 70 documents which cover a period from 1793-1953.

Subjects incl. treaties between #BritishIndia and #Sultan of #Muscat, and between India, Muscat and Oman.

@escarpment @lukevanin

https://www.thestatesman.com/world/india-oman-to-cooperate-in-the-field-of-archives-1503272543.html

⬆️ @Nochem

>> Strangely, my Moldovian ancestors lived under the Ottoman "yoke" too, until the early 19th Century.

Yes, the #OttomanEmpire was expansive, with #Arabs, #Jews, and #Christians as subjects. The #Caliph had influence as far as #BritishIndia in the east.

Had #Turkey accepted #British offer to keep #Palestine in exchange for exiting #WWI early, Palestinians would remain under #TurkishYoke with NO complaints, as in 400 prior years.

Their only problem is Jews.

@escarpment @lukevanin

#OttomanEmpire - 1

When the #Turks conquered #Arabia, #Arabs lost their religious #Caliphate to #Turkish Sultans, who merged powers of #Sultan and #Caliph

For 400 years before the #GreatWar #WWI, #Palestinians were under despotic Ottoman #occupation, subject to onerous #TurkishYoke

For 4 centuries, occupation was NOT an issue

End of WWI finally brought independence to Arabs (WWII for Palestinians), but they turned that #independence into #grievance against #Jewish presence in #MiddleEast

⬇️

#Kitchener's misunderstanding of #Islam ➡️ https://mastodon.social/@rameshgupta/111484767553360519
— monolithic homogenous bloc controlled by the #Caliph &
— blind spot toward the #Shia-#Sunni divide
were magnified by his failure to understand the constitutional nature of #Islamic society.

In choosing Grand Sharif #Hussein as the #Arabian #Caliph, the #British intention was only to prop up the "Pope" of Islam, and through that Islamic papacy, control #Britain's #muslim subjects all over the world.

⬇️

#PeaceToEndAllPeace

Impetus for #Kitchener's desire to "capture #Islam" in #MiddleEast in #WWI was rooted in his inability to understand that #societiesAreNotHomogenous.

There was a time when Britain ruled over half of world's #muslims in #Africa & #India, and Kitchener believed Islam as a homogenous, single centralized entity controlled by the #Caliph — #Mohammad's successor.

This perception probably grew out of the fact that #Turkish #Sultan had immense sway over muslims far away in India.

#PeaceToEndAllPeace

Just as Roman culture shaped Christianity, so Iranian culture shaped Islam. It is remarked that Iran lasted millennia without needing Arabs, while after the conquest, Arabs couldn't last a day without Iranians.

That even applied to the calendars. The Arabs were using the purely #moon-based Lunar Hijri calendar, which is OK for desert nomads, but as the civil servants impressed upon #Caliph #Umar, a sedentary agricultural society needs a calendar that tracks the #sun.

9/?

Referenced link: https://phys.org/news/2022-09-neighbors-caliph-archaeologists-uncover-ancient.html
Discuss on https://discu.eu/q/https://phys.org/news/2022-09-neighbors-caliph-archaeologists-uncover-ancient.html

Originally posted by Phys.org / @physorg_com@twitter.com: https://twitter.com/physorg_com/status/1574482344479801353#m

The neighbors of the #caliph: Archaeologists uncover #ancientmosaics on the shore of the Sea of Galilee @uni_mainz_eng https://phys.org/news/2022-09-neighbors-caliph-archaeologists-uncover-ancient.html