Congregation of the Holy Spirit

Officially known as: the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary. Or in Latin: Congregatio Beatissimae Virginis Mariae.

This is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are known as Holy Ghost Fathers. Or in continental Europe, & the Anglosphere, as Spiritans. Members use the postnominals: CSSp. Postnominals are letters placed after a person’s name to signify academic degrees, professional qualifications, awards, military decorations, or honorific titles (like PhD).

The order began in Paris on Pentecost Sunday, 1703. Claude Poullart des Places was a wealthy young lawyer who abandoned his social standing to become a priest. He wanted to form a religious institute for young men who wanted to become priests but were too poor to do so.

Unlike orders that focused on the elite, Claude was moved by the plight of “poor scholars.” HIs vision was a “proletariat” clergy. Priests assignments in hospitals, rural parishes, & overseas missions.

Claude was born on February 26, 1679 in the capital city of Brittany, France: Rennes. Claude was tutored at home before being enrolled at the age of 9-10 as a day student in the nearby Jesuit college of St. Thomas. Thus beginning his lifelong association with the Society of Jesus.

Graduating at 16, Claude studied at the University of Caen, Normandy. Before graduating at 22, with a Licentiate in Law from the Law School of Nantes. A licentiate in law is an individual holding an academic degree or professional certification. This is usually below a doctorate but above a bachelor’s, that authorizes them to practice law.

In 1701, Claude Poullart began his studies for the priesthood, as a boarder at the Jesuit College in Paris. His work grew quickly. The Order developed. However, Claude passed away at 29, or 31 depending on the source, of pleurisy after founding the order.

After the founder’s death, the order became fully organized. In 1765, the South American missions, in colonies such as China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand (Siam), & India under the support of the Paris Foreign missionaries arrived in Senegal, Africa.

Those in France served in various dioceses or alongside the de Montfont missionaries. This was due to the close friendship between Poullart & Louis de Montfont. The Order had trained 1,300 priests in the years leading up to 1792, when the seminary was suppressed by the French Revolution. The French Revolution saw the Spiritans have their property seized & many were executed or exiled to England, Italy, & Switzerland.

After the French Revolution only 1 member remained, James Bertout. He survived a series of hardships like being shipwrecked on his way to his destined mission in French Guiana, enslaved by the Moors, & a short stay in Senegal (where he had been sold to the English).

On his return to France, he reestablished the Order & continued its work. But he found it VERY hard to recover sufficiently from the effects caused by the Revolution.

In 1841/1842, Francis Liberman founded the Society of the Holy Heart of Mary (a.k.a. Society of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) This society is/was dedicated to serve mainly the emancipated black slaves in the French colonies. Particularly in Africa & the Caribbean.

In 1848, the Holy See asked Liberman to merge his relatively new society with the struggling Congregation of the Holy Spirit. Lieberman was made the 1st Superior General of the united groups. This effectively saving the Spiritan name & legacy.

Liberman’s approach to missionary work was revolutionary from the time. He instructed his missionaries not to “Europeanize” the people they served. Besides the missions in Africa, the society started missions in Mauritius, Reunion, & the Rodriguez Islands. In the Western Hemisphere, they had missions in Trinidad, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, & Amazonia.

The Spiritans arrived in the United States in 1972, fleeing the Kulturkampf (persecution of Catholics) in Germany. They found a home in industrial heartlands, particularly Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The Order is known in the United States for founding Duquesne University in 1878. This university was originally established to provide an education to the kids of poor immigrants working in the steel mills. It grew into a major research institution. The university’s motto (Spiritus est qui vivificat, “It is the Spirit who gives life”) reflects the order’s charism.

By the early 20th century the organization into the following provinces: France, Ireland, Portugal, United States of America, & Germany.

On December 31, 1961, 20 Spiritans: 19 Belgians & 1 Dutch man, were unalived in Kongolo (in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) by government troops during the Katanga Secession Rebellion.

In Rome, on April 24, 1979, Pope John Paul II presided over the beautification ceremony for Jacques-Desire Laval. The 1st member of the Spiritans to be honored.

Today, there are about 3,000 Spiritans serving in over 60 countries. They’re often associated with schools & chaplaincy, & missionary work.

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"Thailand" is a fascist invention. Bring back #Siam 🥱🥱🥱

India’s auto industry is firing on all cylinders! Record 3.99 Lakh cars dispatched in December as tax cuts and rate drops ignite demand.

What a way to end the year! According to the latest SIAM data, December 2025 wasn't just a good month—it was a record-breaker for the Indian automotive industry. Leading the pack, Maruti Suzuki saw a 37% surge, while Mahindra and Tata locked in a fierce battle for the spot.

#autosalesindia #siam #indianeconomy #marutisuzuki #mahindra #tatamotors

วัดมหาธาตุ (Wat Maha That) - Buddhist Temple constructed 1374 A.D. during the reign of King Baramarajadhiraj I, first king of the Suphannaphum dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

The construction of the main prang (Fig. 1) was enacted during the reign of King Ramesvara I after Baramarajadhiraj I died.

The overall architecture is inspired the Angkorian Khmer architecture but with small modifications.

The main prang degraded over time and crumbled fully around the end of the reign of Rama V of the Chakri Dynasty.

#history #ayutthaya #siam #thailand

Summer in Siam - The Pogues

#music #shane #siam #summer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66quTi26YLY

Siamese Flag used during Rama III - Early Rama VI

#flag #siam

⭕ #Brest. En soutien aux flottilles arrêtées et pour dénoncer le génocide en #Palestine, un cortège de 300 personnes s'est élancé rue de #Siam.

https://www.pub-x.com/718580/ タオとエル、進展！『ハートストッパー』シーズン2エピソード3+4のテレビ解説とリアクション #Heartstopper #HeartstopperReact #HeartstopperReaction #HeartstopperSeason2 #HeartstopperSeason2Reaction #KPopBoys #KPopIdols #ReactingToHearstopperSeason2 #Siam&Maria #SiamYourMovieBud #TaoAndElle #TheBuffSummer #TheMovieBudz #TvReaction #タオ（Tao）

KHAN PHADY’S MUAY THAI

In the 1980s, faced with a lack of Muay Thai in the region, Khan Phady founded Phady’s Muay Thai. The gym is one of the earliest Muay Thai gyms in Canada and opened in Cambridge in 1987.

“There was Western kickboxing, Kung Fu, Karate and Taekwondo. At that time, that was it. And so I joined a kickboxing club…it’s not the same,” Phady said.

“I decided…I want to start up something.”

Phady was born in Vientiane, Laos while a communist revolution was underway. In 1974, he migrated to Thailand with his family as a refugee and in 1980, the Phady family made their way to Canada.

Phady’s father, Thep Phady, introduced him and his brothers to Muay Thai. Thep Phady was the owner of a construction company, who initially forayed into Muay Thai as a means to maintain his health and went on to own two stadiums in Laos. Thep Phady went on to inspire all of his children to embrace Muay Thai and the Phady family has been practicing the art for four generations.

“So my dad started it, and he just liked fighting, and he got us into it…dads always take you where [they want] to go and we would follow,” he said.

Although the gym faced some bureaucratic difficulties in the earlier years, Phady and his team navigated the system and founded the Canadian Amateur Muay Thai Association in 2003 and the World Amateur Muay Thai Association Canada in 2009.

Lukman Patel, one of the head coaches at Phady’s Muay Thai, has been surrounded by the martial art since he was a child. He started learning Muay Thai as a toddler.

Muay Thai originates from Muay Boran, an older and more brutal art taught in the Kingdom of Siam. As such, other countries, such as Laos and Cambodia, have nearly identical boxing styles. Patel said he appreciates the warrior spirit of Muay Thai, as well as the focus on community, fitness and goal-setting.

“There [are] a lot of people that are very, very shy, and this is something that gives them that confidence in themselves…it gives them a sense of being involved in something as well, too, so they feel included now,” he said. “All sports are kind of like that, right?”

Phady said Muay Thai is not about anger and conflict—respect, sportsmanship and camaraderie are major aspects.

“If you have anger problems, try to go up there and fight, it doesn’t work. You have to control yourself. It’s sports. When you lose, show respect,” he said. “You win the fight, don’t override your opponent too much, because…he’s helping you win that fight.”

Both Phady and Patel recognize the substantial cultural aspects of martial arts. For example, the Wai Kru is an interpretive dance done by fighters before a fight that acknowledges their fighting heritage, teachers and community.

“It’s tradition, culture; and it brings us together. When we’re done fighting, no matter how hard we hit each other, at the end, we apologize to each other,” Phady said. “That’s what I love about Muay Thai. It shows not just about fighting…it doesn’t create hate.”

Phady is supported by a community—his family, older students, volunteers and other members of the community. The goal is to always improve, he said. For example, as someone who has run over 150 shows, Phady strives to help others run shows as well.

“I have a lot of student who help and friends and connection is very important…All these people helping me, like before they’re not sure it’s gonna happen,” he said.

“I don’t mind sharing my knowledge. That’s what it’s about. You build a community.
If I die one day, somebody’s gonna be able to run better show than mine. And I want to see better show than [mine], not just [mine],” Phady said.

Now, Muay Thai is gaining recognition worldwide and there is a growing possibility of it being included in the Olympics. Patel said Muay Thai has grown even in Canada, with many
of Phady’s previous students opening their own gyms or becoming professional fighters and traveling to Thailand.

“We want to focus on bringing them back here to Canada, getting them working here so they can represent Canada on an international level at the World Olympics,” Patel said.

Phady said he hopes to continue growing the Muay Thai community in Canada and in the region. Eventually, he hopes to create a stadium for Muay Thai in Cambridge.

“What I want to do for City of Cambridge is to have our own stadium here…because Cambridge is a muay thai city, because we started here,” Phady said.

“That’s my dream,” he said.

For more information, visit phadysmuaythai.ca.

#boxingStyles #Cambridge #canadianAmateurMuayThaiAssociation #CityOfCambridge #communistRevolution #HarleenKaurDhillon #immigrant #karate #khanPhady #kingdomOfSiam #kungFu #localGym #localSports #martialArts #muayThai #Olympics #phadysmuaythai #Refugees #siam #taekwondo #thailand #thepPhady #vientiane #worldAmateurMuayThaiAssociationCanada

The Ukranian Princess of Siam

#KaterynaDesnytska was born in Lutsk, part of the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). She was born to a wealthy blended family - Both her parents had children from previous marriages, while their marriage together produced Kateryna + her brother Ivan. Following the death of her father, the family moved to Kyiv

After her mother’s death, Katya and her brother moved to St Petersburg where she studied nursing. While in Saint Petersburg, Katya enjoyed life in Russian high society. In 1905, she attended a grand ball hosted by Tsar Nicholas II where she met #Chakrabongse, the son of King Chulalongkorn of Siam, who had recently received military education in Saint Petersburg.

Despite falling in love, Katya volunteered as a nurse in Manchuria during the Russo-Japanese War. Chakrabongse kept in touch + on her return, he proposed + she accepted on the condition that she would be his only wife as Siamese society allowed polygamy for royals. This condition was accepted by Chakrabongse

Due to Russian priests’ refusal to marry a Buddhist + Orthodox, the 2 travelled in 1906 to Constantinople where they found an Orthodox priest who would marry them.

In Siam, Katya was then given the title of Princess Phitsanulok + had a son - Chula - born in 1908

When King Chulalongkorn died in 1910, he was succeeded by Chakrabongse’s older brother Vajiravudh. However, Vajiravudh’s lack of children meant that Chakrabongse became the heir-apparent.

The marriage stumbled when Katya discovered Chakrabongse was having an affair with his 15-year old niece. Despite swearing his love for Katya, he elevated his niece to status of a royal wife. Not pleased with polygamy, Katya divorced in 1919, but the divorce meant she had to leave her son in Siam with her father.

Katya met her only granddaughter just once – Narisa Chakrabongse (b. 1956), the daughter of her son Chula + his English wife Elizabeth Hunter. Narisa had a son, Catherine’s great-grandson, #HugoChakrabongseLevy, a musician + composer
#princessofsiam #katyadesnytska #kingofsiam #siam #princeofsiam #couples #history #lovestory #royalty

วันนี้มาเซ็นทรัลบางนาแล้วก็มาเดินดูร้าน B2S ชี้น 5 แล้วก็ได้มาเจอหนังสือประวัติศาสตร์สองเล่มนี้ !

เล่มแรกชื่อว่า "เปิดแผนยึดล้านนา" เขียนโดย รศ.ดร. เนื้ออ่อน ขรัวทองเขียว - เกี่ยวกับการ "ผนวก" ล้านนาเข้ามาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของราชอาณาจักรสยามในช่วงของการสร้าง "รัฐชาติ" (nation-state) ผ่านการสร้างระบอบปกครองแบบอำนาจรวมศูนย์ที่เรา ๆ จะรู้จักคือ "สมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์"

เล่มที่สองชื่อว่า "๓๐ ปราสาทขอมในเมืองพระนะคร" โดย ภภพพล จันทร์วัฒนกุล - เกี่ยวกับประสาทเขมรโบราณต่าง ๆ ในเมืองพระนคร (อีกชื่อคือ Angkor) ครับ ทางสำนักพิมพ์แนะนำว่าเล่มนี้เป็น "หนังสือคู่มือท่องเที่ยว" ที่เล่าถึงประวัติความเป็นมาของปราสาทเขมรโบราณที่อยู่ในเมืองพระนคร รวมถึงเกล็ดความรู้เกี่ยวกับเทพเจ้าต่าง ๆ ด้วย !

ผมได้อ่านเล่มแรกไปหน่อยละ ผมว่าเป็นหนังสือที่ดีนะ เดี๋ยวกำลังจะแกะเล่มสอง เล่มหนาพอสมควร 5555+

#angkor #khmer #lanna #siam #history

Siam Center Walking Street #Bangkok
.
#iamSK #ITPro #ITProfessional #ITNomad #DigitalNomad #Siam #Center #SiamCenter #Walking #Street
.

Historische Rivalitäten zwischen dem ehemaligen #Khmer-Reich und dem Königreich #Siam mischen sich mit Streitigkeiten um mutmaßliche Glücksspielinteressen und lukrativen Betrugszentren. Dazu kommt die zerbrochene Freundschaft zweier einflussreicher Politiker.

ไม่ทันได้โพสต์ เมื่อสิ้นเดือนธันวาคมของปีที่แล้ว ผมได้ไปเที่ยวที่ อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ศรีสัชนาลัย ซึ่งหลาย ๆ คนคงถามว่า "เด็กอะไรสมัยนี้ไปดูวัด ปราสาทสมัย (ก่อน) สุโขทัย" ผมบอกตรง ๆ ว่า... ผมก็ไม่รู้เหมือนกัน 🤣

ที่ผมไปเที่ยวที่นี่ คงเป็นเพราะว่าน่าจะประมาณ 1-2 เดือนก่อนหน้านี้ ผมได้เริ่มศึกษาประวัติศาสตร์ในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้เนื่องจากความขี้สงสัยของข้าพเจ้า
ต้องขอยอมรับว่า... ตอนแรกผมก็เริ่มจากการตั้งหลักที่ "ประวัติศาสตร์ไทย / สยาม" แหละแต่พอได้ไปเรื่อย ๆ ผมก็ค้นพบว่า... เออ... เราเอาแนวคิด "รัฐชาติ" (ที่เพิ่งเข้ามาในสยามในช่วงประมาณรัชสมัยของรัชกาลที่ ๕ นั่นเอง - อ้างอิง "สมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์" ของ รศ.ดร. กุลลดา เกษบุญชู มี้ด) ไปใช้กับอาณาจักร / หน่วยการเมืองรัฐ / political entity ในสมัยนั้นไม่ค่อยได้สักเท่าไหร่ เพราะแนวคิด "nation-state" / รัฐชาติยังไม่ได้เกิดขึ้นในสมัยนั้น และ "รัฐโบาณ" ในสมัยนั้นอาจจะเป็นระบบการปกครองเป็น "มณฑล" / Mandala ก็ได้ แต่อย่างไรก็เหอะ ผมเริ่มนอกเรื่องละ

กลับมาเรื่องเดิม คือว่า ผมได้เริ่มศึกษาเรื่องนี้ประมาณสิ้นปีที่แล้วแล้วก็ค่อย ๆ เข้มข้นขึ้นหลังปีใหม่ ๒๕๖๘ - ช่วงนั้นผมก็รู้สึกว่า... เออ... จริง ๆ แล้วมันมีอะไรมากกว่า "สุโขทัย -> อยุธยา -> ธนบุรี -> รัตนโกสินทร์ -> ราชอาณาจักรไทย" อีกนะเนี่ย จึงเป็นอีกหนึ่งสาเหตุที่ทำให้ผมอยากไปดูโบราณสถานของจริง เพราะผมว่า... พอมันมีเรื่องสถาปัตยกรรมและวัฒนธรรมเข้ามา มันต้องไปดูของจริงแล้วล่ะ อ่านอย่างเดียวไฝมันไม่ค่อยเข้าใจเท่าไหร่ ฉ้นต้องไปดูให้ได้ ว่าโบราณสถานเหล่านี้มันเป็นอย่างไร

หลังจากที่ได้ไปเที่ยวมา ผมก็บอกได้เลยว่าทริปนี้มันไม่ได้เป็นแค่การไปชมวิวอย่างเดียว แต่ผมว่ามันเป็นการเรียนรู้ประวัติศาสตร์ที่ผมเข้าถึงและเข้าใจได้เป็นอย่างมาก เอาตามจริง ช่วงนั้นผมก็ยังไม่ทราบถึงประวัติศาสตร์ของเมืองศรีสัชนาลัยขนาดนั้นหรอกเพราะช่วงนั้นคือกำลังค่อย ๆ รวบรวมอาณาจักร / เมืองต่าง ๆ ที่มันพอ "ให้คำจำกัดความ" ได้ว่าเป็น "รัฐไทย / สยาม" (ย้ำอีกครั้งว่าแนวคิด nation-state ไม่สามารถนำมาใช้ได้อย่าง 100%) แต่จะอย่างไรก็เถอะ ถึงแม้ว่าตอนนั้นยังไม่ค่อยทราบถึงประวัติศาสตร์ของเมืองเท่าไหร่ ผมก็สามารถบอกได้ว่าทริปนี้ถือว่าเป็นรากฐานที่สำคัญในการศึกษาเรื่องราวในภูมิภาคนี้ของผมเลยล่ะ !

สุดท้ายนี้ ผมต้องขอขอบคุณครอบครัวของผมที่สนับสนุนความสนใจทางประวัติศาสตร์ของผม และต้องขอขอบคุณเจ้าหน้าที่อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ที่เป็นวิทยากรและเจ้าหน้าที่พาทัวร์ที่อุทยานด้วยนะครับ หวังว่าจะได้กลับไปเที่ยวอีกนะครับ 🙏

#history #chaliang #sisatchanalai #sukhothai #siam

#Siam - Scopri “Vittoriosi al fin liberi siam” di Chiara Nencioni: un viaggio emozionante tra coraggio, libertà e resilienza. Una lettura che ispira e fa riflettere.

https://ift.tt/txPYIaT

Democracy
From Greek dēmokratia "popular government," from dēmos "common people," originally "district" + kratos "rule, strength"

ประชาธิปไตย
คำสมาสประกอบด้วยคำสันสกฤต प्रजा (prajā, “people”) + คำบาลี 𑀆𑀥𑀺𑀧𑀢𑁂𑀬𑁆𑀬 (ādhipateyya, "lordship, power")

The Democracy Monument, Phra Nakorn, Siam.

#languages #etymology #words #democracy #thailand #siam #bangkok

Book to learn how to write Tai Tham / Lanna alphabet!

#languagelearning #languages #lanna #siam

#Mutations #Intra2025 : du #07mai 18h au #23mai minuit, vérifiez vos #barèmes retenus par le Rectorat en vous reconnectant sur #SIAM !
Connectez-vous à #Colibris pour signaler tout problème et pensez à nous faire part de votre problème !

https://toulouse.snes.edu/spip.php?page=article&id_article=2119